These values provide a reliable reference for clinical comparison, and will allow all clinicians and sports medicine personnel to assess tubercle lateralization with reliability and validity. This study provides a standardized Q angle measurement protocol to assess tibial tubercle lateralization at a patient's first encounter (and intra-operatively) without resorting to expensive imaging studies. The 2.4° difference between male and female means was due to the average height difference between the men and women. There was no significant difference between the right and left knees of the males (p = 0.52), nor of the females (p = 0.62), Beta = 0.14. These data were analyzed to calculate normative values.įor all subjects, the mean was 14.8° (≈15°), 95% confidence interval (CI): ±5.4°. We measured the Q angles of both knees using a standardized protocol and a long-armed goniometer. Exclusion criteria were: patellofemoral abnormalities upon examination. Thirty men and 27 women without history of knee problems or family history of dislocating kneecaps were subjects. Creating a standardized protocol to measure the Q angle, with normative values, would provide a reliable reference without expensive imaging techniques. Imaging studies have largely replaced the Q angle for measuring tibial tubercle lateralization. Studies have shown that Q angle measurements were unreliable.
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